preface; introduction; preamble
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
even; even if ...; even though ...; because ...; as ...; with the purpose of ...
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
-less; lacking; non-existing
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to rise (of smoke, steam, etc.); to go up
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is
to melt into; to dissolve into; to merge into; to blend into (surroundings); to fit in; to adapt to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
bathtub; boat with a bathtub rented to customers (Edo period)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to breathe out; to exhale
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
a little; a few; small; only; just; merely
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hot water; hot bath; hot spring; molten iron
face; surface; mask (esp. a noh or kyogen mask)
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to flicker; to quiver; to waver; to sway
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of