honorific/polite/humble prefix
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
roll (e.g. of cloth); winding (e.g. watch); volume (of book); speeding up; heel (of a Japanese sandal)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
seeming (to be); appearing; apparently
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
protagonist; main character; hero; head (of a household); proprietor (of a store)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to settle down (into); to be installed (in one's rightful place); to settle into (one's position); to take up (a post)
very cheesy; very flashy; extremely gaudy
activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation; walking about with great vigor
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
heroine; female protagonist; heroine; heroic woman; brave woman
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
rather; better; instead; if anything
positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine