indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
about; on; regarding; per; for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to be captivated (by); to be infatuated (with)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
printed edition (of a book, etc.)
10th day of the month; ten days
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
such; like that; that sort of
meaning; significance; sense
like this; this sort; this way
(physical) form; shape; visage; (facial) features; form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); (resultant) state
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
happiness; blessedness; proving fortunate; yielding positive outcome; luckily; fortunately
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful
to take back; to get back; to regain; to recover; to restore; to recoup
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...