to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
table of contents; contents
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
having in mind; happening to know of; idea
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
handmade; homegrown; hand-crafted; homemade
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
binding (of a book); design (of a book cover)
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
hometown; rural township (of China)
gravity; gravitation; gravitational pull
omen (usu. good); (auspicious) sign; first two anniversaries of a person's death
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to discern (e.g. right from wrong); to discriminate; to distinguish; to know (manners, one's place, etc.); to understand; to bear in mind
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what one desires; what one hopes for; suits me well; could ask for nothing better; bring it on
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suddenly (hit); with a slap; sharply (glance, glare, etc.); fiercely; suddenly; all of a sudden
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to re-think; to think back upon; to change one's mind
unique; peculiar; singular
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing