indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
phantom; vision; illusion
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
joining (a club, organization, etc.); becoming a member; entry; admission; subscription; affiliation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
episode; anecdote; vignette; episode
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
of course; certainly; naturally
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
after all is said and done; no matter what people say; in the end; definitely; undeniably
admirable; commendable; praiseworthy; laudable; brave; heroic
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
surroundings; environs; circumference
existence; being; presence
impressive; striking; memorable; impactful
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
bosom (buddy); trusted (friend)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
off the top of one's head; from thin air; from memory
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
it cannot be helped; there's nothing for it; it's no use fighting back; it's hopeless; there is no way out of it
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to encourage; to cheer on; to cheer (someone) up; to raise (one's voice)
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...