last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
battle standard decorated with hanging strips of paper or leather; fireman's standard (Edo period)
outside a wall; beyond a wall; extramural
origin; genesis; opening; start; beginning
they; those guys; those fellows
dislike of very hot food or drink; inability to take hot food; (lit.) cat tongue
trivial; not amounting to much; not a big deal
(volcanic) crater; caldera; burner (of a boiler)
to get into a fight; to take up the gauntlet; to accept a challenge
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
trustee; councillor (councilor)
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference
to call each other; to call out to one another
esteemed profession (e.g. priest, monk, teacher, doctor, etc.); venerable vocation; ministry; priesthood; holy orders
to sit on the floor with one knee raised; to raise one knee; to sit with one knee up
great numbers; numerical superiority
to blame; to find fault with
preparing for action or battle
haughty; holding one's head high
to wear a sword at one's side
neighbour to the right (person, building, etc.)
noshi; long thin strip of dried abalone in folded patterned paper, attached to a gift
mentality; mood; sentiment; fretfulness; tedium; irritation
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
the way in which something came about; origin; structure; organization; the way something is constructed
leather strap binding the plates of traditional Japanese armor (armour)
unwillingly; reluctantly; grudgingly; shaking one's head in refusal (like a child)
offensive camp; team at bat
to resort to violence; to use force; to be able to get; to be able to afford; to jab; to swing at a bad ball (baseball)
to be fed up (with); to be tired (of); to be bored (with); to be unable to bear
fervour; fervor; vigour; vigor; ardour; ardor
employer's liability; vicarious reliability; respondeat superior
(private) secretary; treasured book; secret book
to apologize sincerely; to apologise sincerely
to be sacked; to be fired; to be dismissed; to be beheaded
quick on the uptake; quick to catch on; perceptive; intuitive
to rush into; to surge into; to crowd into
encouragement; backing; reinforcements