house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
conclusion; decision; end; settlement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
revamping; reshaping; rearranging; reorganizing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
reform; reformation; reorganization
of course; certainly; naturally
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
end of war; cessation of hostilities
celebration; congratulations
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
moving about in confusion; going every which way; going this way and that
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
body; physical system; (the) person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to take turns doing; to do in rotation
holiday; day off; furlough; absence (from work)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")