indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
moving (dwelling, office, etc.); changing residence
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
twenty-ninth day of the month; twenty-nine days
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
that day; the very same day
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
originally; primarily; essentially; intrinsically; proper; rightful
impossible; unlikely; improbable
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
twice; again; second time
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
overseas student; exchange student
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
interception (email); wiretap; bug
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
sneak photography; non-consensual photography; peeping photos
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
use; utilization; utilisation; application
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
dwelling; house; residence; address
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...