jpdb beta

to invade; to attack; to breach; to penetrate

2

to enter into diplomatic relations

3

trade (foreign)

3

black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market

2

arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship

1

Perry; Peli; Pelly; Perri

3

admiral; commodore

1

chronological table

1

disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant

4

was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...

1

to hate; to dislike

1

alone; by oneself; on one's own

2

if one is unlucky; if one is careless

2

discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference

1

to threaten; to menace; to frighten (into doing)

3

not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; having no intention of ...

3

founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion

1

culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)

3

society; public; community; social studies

1

to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up

2

safety first (principle)

1

to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)

1

to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble

8

secret method; secret process; secret formula; esoteric rituals (in Shingon Buddhism)

1

striking (at something) and missing; swing and a miss; vain attempt

1

even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little

2

to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen

9

to rescue from; to help out of; to save

2

if necessary

1

it is not possible (to, that); there is no such thing as

1

secret; private; surreptitious

1

decision; determination; resolution

1

the third

1

descent (to earth, esp. of a god); advent; epiphany; arrival (of an important person); appearance

1

new product; new line (of products)

1

huh!; oh; wow; I see

1

firm; company

2

branch office; branch store

2

top part; surface

1

to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss

1

box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building

4

insertion slot (e.g. coins, tickets); input port

2

handle; steering wheel; handlebar; handlebars; handle; screen name

3

commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise

6

slot (e.g. dispensing tickets); outlet

1

sphere; globe; orb

2

capsule

1

lottery; raffle; drawing (of lots)

1

toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything

1

purchase; buy

2