indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
prison guard; warder; jailer; gaoler
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
flight; desertion; escape
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
chief; head (of an office, of a laboratory)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
escaping from prison; jailbreak
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
by means of; due to; because of; according to
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise