at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
machiya; traditional wooden townhouse; tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
corridor; hallway; passageway
front; frontage; facade; main
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
suited figure; person in a suit
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to stand up; to get up; to recover; to regain one's energy; to (stand up and) take action; to rise up (against); to rise (from a crouch) and make the initial charge
to hang one's head; to droop one's head
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
as one would expect from ...; given that ... (naturally ...); precisely because ...; all the more because of ...; on account of ...; ... being what it is
to steal a glance (at); to look furtively (at); to take a peek (at)
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once
concentration (e.g. of a solution); enrichment; condensation
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...