indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to adhere to; to stick to; to cling to
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
instant; moment; for an instant
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
night air; stillness of night; cool evening
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
to burn; to scorch; to singe; to char
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to become quiet; to quiet down; to quieten down; to calm down; to die down; to subside
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
again; once more; a second time
calls and sounds made by insects
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
since when; from when; how long
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to break into song; to burst into song; to begin singing
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
feigned; pretending (not to know)
light; easy; non-serious; minor
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tone color; tone colour; tone quality; timbre
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
to fall on one's backside
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)