illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
nonsense; no meaning; meaningless
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
after school (at the end of the day)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
call; summons; usher who calls the names of wrestlers, sweeps the ring, etc.; telephone number at which a person without a telephone can be reached; (arch.) box-shaped area containing clean water for rinsing oneself (in an Edo-period bathhouse); (arch.) high-ranking prostitute in the Yoshiwara district (Edo period); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute in the Fukagawa red-light district (Edo period)
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to pass (of time); to elapse
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
senior high school (esp. the senior high school section of a school that also encompasses other grades)
second-year student; biennial
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
suddenly; at once; considerably; very much; firmly; with an effort
to lessen; to decrease; to diminish
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)