house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to buy a replacement; to replace by buying something new
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
air con; air conditioner; air conditioning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
last week; the week before
weather forecast; weather report
day on which the temperature rises above 30 degrees Celsius
news; word; tidings; omen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence