surface of the earth; ground surface
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
existence; being; survival; to exist; to live; to survive
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
such ... as; or some such
component; factor; item (e.g. in list); element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(being) fully equipped; (being) fully furnished; completeness
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
around the world; throughout the world
group; (free) radical; counter for installed or mounted objects (e.g. stone lanterns, gravestones, satellites)
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the first and second; a few
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till