first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adroit
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to recall; to remember; to recollect
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
one-by-one; separately; every single; each and every; without omission
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
trial and tribulation; hardships; privations; difficulties
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to climb over; to get over; to overcome (a difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to surmount; to surpass (a predecessor); to overtake
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
to (finally) arrive at; to reach (at last); to (manage to) get to; to find one's way to
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
cheerful; jovial; weather; season; spirit of yang
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to become brilliant; to become cheerful
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to turn back; to go back; to come back; to return; to retrace one's steps
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
out-of-place; inappropriate; sticking out like a sore thumb; produced at an unorthodox location
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)