promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
selfishness; egotism; egoism; (being) self-centered; without consulting; (doing) as one pleases
(mutual) understanding; communication; passing without obstruction
to chip; to nick; to break; to lack
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
katakana; angular Japanese syllabary used primarily for loanwords
just because; even if; even though
counter for buildings (esp. houses); suffix for a pen name, stage name, etc.
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
good fences make good neighbors; a hedge between keeps friendship green
well; in good health; safe; free from accident
practice; putting into practice; implementation; praxis (philosophy)
passing; (person) who happens to pass by; (place) that one happens to pass by; casual (e.g. romance); momentary
energy conservation; economical use of energy; energy-saving
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
useless; futile; unnecessary; needless; not on business; unrelated
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
the problem (at issue); the point at issue; problematic issue; problem
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
this spring; spring this year
(Japanese) Agency for Cultural Affairs
Council for Cultural Affairs
A4 paper size (210mm x 297mm)
to be honest; to be frank; honestly; if you want to know the truth
multilateral; many-sided; diversified
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
haste; hurry; expedition; speed; dispatch
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
example; illustration; precedent
explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation
to be helpful; to be useful