prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
excavation (usu. archeological); dig
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
shell heap; shell mound; kitchen midden
breakthrough; great discovery
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
multiplication table; times table
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Christmas carol; Christmas song
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin making a sound (ringing, singing, crying, etc.)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
taking; taker; last performer of the day (usu. the star performer); last performance of the day; active partner (e.g. in judo demonstration); emphatic or formal prefix
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to feel hot; to flush; to burn
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
at that time; in those days
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material