preface; foreword; preamble
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to shake; to sway; to rock; to become unstable; to become unsettled; to be shaken
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
wave; billow; ups and downs; (something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; tendency
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
self-; from (a time or place)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to rise (to a high position); to work one's way up; to push one's way up; to be promoted
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
called; known as; that; to say
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence; pretense; (a customer) coming to restaurant, ryokan, etc. without a reservation or introduction
to look back on (the past); to reflect on; to look behind (at); to turn round (and look); to consider; to concern oneself about
level ground; horizon; field of view
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to divide; to separate; to partition; to punctuate; to mark off (with a comma); to insert pauses (between words or phrases when reading aloud)
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
outside telephone line; outer circle
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
looking everywhere; looking in all four directions; neighborhood; vicinity
looking up and down; actions; being obliging
to catch sight of; to come into view; to happen to see
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date