prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
oldest mankind (e.g. evidence of)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
origin; beginning; source; rise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the East; the Orient; (East) Asia; Japan
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
north and south; north to south; South Korea and North Korea
American continent; the Americas
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in comparison to; rather than
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
(physical) growth; development
process; course; mechanism
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor