reaffirmation; reconfirmation; revalidation
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
originator; pioneer; inventor; progenitor; primogenitor; founder of a family line
letter bearing the shogun's scarlet seal; seal stamp given to worshippers and visitors to shrines and temples
strut; short vertical post; thickness (of a book minus the cover, a sheaf of paper, etc.); (arch.) handbreadth; (arch.) bundle
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
ascent; climbing; up-train; train heading toward the starting point of its route; upbound (esp. toward Tokyo); upstream
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
shō; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 litres
change; alteration; substitute; rate of exchange
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
payment to the government
returning (to the authorities); restoring
license with a red seal (licence); shogunate license to trade (licence)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
under the ... administration; within the ... government
dignity; quality; grace; panache; level
Keichō era (1596.10.27-1615.7.13)
main road; main thoroughfare
junction; crossroads; division point; parting of ways
smooth; undisturbed; uninterrupted; harmonious
demonstrative of one's worth; worthy of one's reputation; living up to one's name; bolstering one's reputation; enhancing one's prestige; winning one honour
Kyoto and vicinity (esp. during Edo period); Kyoto-Osaka region; Kansai region
special Nara-period administrative division for areas containing a detached palace (Yoshino and Izumi); secretary; third highest-ranking officials in the Dazaifu
hurriedly; in a hurry; in haste; (arch.) sudden
money in one's possession
to run out of; to dry up; to be depleted; to hit the bottom; to bottom out
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
Kiso valley section of the Nakasendo
restlessly; aimlessly; to loiter; to drift; to be restless; to fuss
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
blunder; fault; error; mistake; failure; disgrace
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
correct; proper; formal; invertible (matrix); holomorphic