preface; foreword; preamble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
energy; vigor; vigour; vitality
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
don't you think?; indicates question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
mountain (or hill) behind a house, village, etc.; side of a mountain that gets little sunshine; envious; jealous
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality