to be clear (of a sight, sound, colour, etc.); to be bright; to be clear-headed; to be alert; to look upbeat; to be perky; to master (a skill)
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
reconstruction; reorganization; reorganisation; reconstitution; reconfiguration
Pure Rules of Huaihai (set of monastery regulations said to have been written by Baizhang Huaihai)
privately printed book; private (press) edition
vast; huge; immense; malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)
expenditure; disbursement; expenses
to write (e.g. a letter); to draw up (a document); to take down (e.g. notes); to have (lunch, dinner, etc.); to eat
national fortunes; destiny of a country
white lotus; purity; pure heart
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
to extend; to stretch out; to attend; to participate in; to enrol; to enroll
uprising (esp. in Japan since middle ages, e.g. peasant uprising); revolt; insurrection; putsch; riot
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
popular (among the general public); populist; plebian; low-brow; widely liked
to take the form (of); to assume a shape
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
government publication; Chinese textbook (published by the Edo shogunate)
awareness comes only through practice
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
appointing to a responsible post; making much of
cool; indifferent; apathetic; cold; cold-hearted; heartless
Republic of China (Taiwan); ROC
modernization; modernisation
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
information campaign; awareness program
People's Republic of China
as a matter of fact; actually; effectively; in reality; in effect
suppression (e.g. of free speech); force-out
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
devastating; catastrophic; crushing
blow; shock; strike; batting
honor; honour; credit; prestige
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
imported (transmitted) from China
Goguryeo (ancient Korean kingdom; 37 BCE-668 CE); Koguryo
Baekje (ancient Korean kingdom; 18 BCE-660 CE); Paekche
opportunity; occasion; (arch.) order; (arch.) sequence; (arch.) successor
Silla (ancient Korean kingdom; 57 BCE-935 CE)