first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
thought; consideration; thinking
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
three; three years of age
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
rock-paper-scissors (game); janken
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to differ; to vary; to disagree
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to cultivate a better understanding
certain; some kind of; some sort of; of sorts
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy