first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what kind of; what sort of; what
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
don't you think?; indicates question
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
full view; total picture; whole story; full particulars; all the details
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to become clear; to be made public
that is to say; so that means
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
main text; original text; this book; this volume
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
senior high school student
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so