careful reading; close reading; intensive reading
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
sense of duty; sense of purpose; vocation
unselfish; selfless; disinterested
empiricism; judging things from personal experience
another kind; different kind; distinct species
crossing; passage; importing; import; wandering; wanderer; migration
Sorai; Ogyū Sorai (1666-1728; Confucian scholar)
modern translation; translation into modern language (of a classical text, e.g. The Tale of Genji)
10^44; hundred tredecillion
pioneering; path-breaking; trailblazing
germination; germ; sprout; early sign; beginning; starting to appear
good performance; good work; great success
to tie (to); to fasten; to attach; to connect (one thing with another); to link; to bring together
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
overwhelming; conquering; dominating; sweeping (the world); swaying
to paint over heavily; to plaster up
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
to be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
obedience; submission; resignation
Ōwa era (961.2.16-964.7.10)
calculation; self-interest; selfishness
base; substrate; substratum
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
spell; charm; incantation; magic words
magic; sorcery; incantation
elucidation; explication; explaining; unravelling; clarification; understanding
admiration of Chinese culture (as opposed to Japanese culture); the Chinese spirit; Chinese soul
context (of a passage); line of thought; context (of a matter, event, etc.); circumstances; background
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
tediously (explain, complain, etc.); repeatedly; persistently; insistently; ad nauseam; at great length
to be trustworthy; to be credible; to be believable
repetitious; long-winded; heavy (taste); (overly) rich; gaudy (colour, design, etc.); loud
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
repentance; confession; penitence
the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism; the Nine Chinese Classics
reading (a text) aloud without trying to understand it
auditor (Edo period); examiner; inquisitor; winner (of the most rounds, i.e. a full game)