undeveloped country; third world country
to get used to; to become accustomed to; to be at home (on the stage)
failure; collapse; breakdown; break-up; bankruptcy
racing (an engine); idling (an engine); going in circles (esp. argument, discussion, etc.); spinning one's wheels
impatience; uneasiness; irritation; fretfulness
violence; reckless action; (an) outrage
ignition; lighting; firing; setting off
situation; state of things; current affairs
taking advantage of (an opportunity); jumping on the bandwagon; taking passage (in); getting a lift; getting a ride
everything; for (to) everything; (in) anything
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
caricature; cartoon; comics
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
stern; grave; austere; strict (e.g. security); severe; firm
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus); sardine
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to enclose (with); to surround (with); to turn (one's head, heel, etc.); to think over; to work out; (arch.) to notify (orally or in writing)
a great variety of; diversity
admiration; being impressed (by)
putting that aside; that said; apart from that; anyway; be that as it may
too-good-to-be-true offers (e.g. scams and frauds); too-good-to-be-true stories
basics; rudiments; elements; ABCs of ...
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
memorization; memorisation; learning by heart
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
to teach thoroughly; to instill (into); to instil; to inculcate; to drum (into); to drill (into)
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
arousal; excitation; awakening; evocation
affliction; hardship; difficulty; suffering; trouble
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
(former) imperial university
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
to reflect on (oneself, past conduct, etc.); to contemplate; to examine; to think over; to introspect
imperfect; incomplete; faulty; defective
self-education; self-instruction; self-study
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards