order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
posterity; future generations; descendant; posterior pituitary; neurohypophysis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
Kojiki; Records of Ancient Matters; Japan's oldest historical record
Nihon Shoki; Nihongi; Chronicles of Japan
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
official history; authorized history
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
country; territory; domain; realm
birth; creation; formation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
magnificent; grand; majestic; splendid
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
by means of; due to; because of; according to
unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
the first and second; a few
Wadō era (708.1.11-715.9.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment