if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
optional; voluntary; arbitrary; arbitrary
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
function; function (programming)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
turning point; transition phase
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
federation; federal state; United States of America
declaration of independence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
the philosophy of the European Enlightenment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
birth; creation; formation
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
each (person); individually; one by one; one at a time; in turn
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
participation; joining; entry; adherence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
face; official stance; public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts); ceremony for the erection of the framework of a house
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season