striding; swaggering; strutting; lording it over others; acting as though one owns the place; throwing one's weight around
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
Western-style; foreign; Western-style toilet; flush toilet; water closet
to challenge (a person) to a fight
weapon; arms; (lit.) shield and spear; fighting; war
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
gross national product; GNP
increase; rise; growth; addition; increment
mining and manufacturing industry
rapid economic growth (esp. that of Japan in the post-WWII period)
name; title; appellation; (under the) pretext (of); pretense
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
rapid economic growth (esp. that of Japan in the post-WWII period)
extension of a straight line; (conclusion) following as an extension of (an argument)
(not) merely; (not) simply
world situation; world affairs
environment; circumstance
international competitiveness; global competitiveness
disadvantage; handicap; unfavorable position
golden age; prime; heyday; season (for fruit, vegetables, etc.); best time
trampling down; overrunning; infringement; violation
explosive; sudden and dramatic (of an increase in sales, popularity, etc.); explosive; rapid
new government; new administration
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
to clamour; to crowd; to jostle
to take advantage of; to impose on; to make an entry (in an account book)
to eat; to drink; to smoke; to suffer (e.g. defeat); to receive a blow
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
periodic; regular; routine
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)