opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
international trade; foreign trade; overseas trade
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
field of activities; area of activity; range of behavior (behaviour); habitat
transit trade; entrepôt trade
(Okinawa) sacred site; sacred grove
magnificent; grand; majestic; splendid
land survey; cadastral survey
Shō clan (royal family of the Ryukyu Kingdom)
(crop) yield; stipend (orig. assessed on the basis of a crop); salary
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
(unrefined) brown sugar; muscovado
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
Ryukyuan mission to Edo upon the change of the shogun
Ryukyuan mission to Edo upon the change of the Ryukyuan King
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
Chinese "Three Stars" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
duration; continuance; survival; persistence; retention
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
twenty-sixth day of the month; twenty-six days
Commander-in-Chief; C-in-C
Perry; Peli; Pelly; Perri
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
to stop by; to drop in for a short visit
Hakodate (city in Hokkaido)
accidental fire; fire caused by negligence; misfire; failure to ignite
Battle of Okinawa (April, 1945)
ash; embers; complete destruction
platform on which a structure is built; stylobate; foundation
anthology (of poetry, etc.); compilation; collection; selection
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
paying one's own expenses; going into business for oneself; working independently; person who earns their own living