substitute; deputy; proxy; representative; agent
military strength; military personnel
again and again; repeatedly
Constitution of the Empire of Japan; Meiji Constitution
punishment; penalty; penal regulations; penal code
the life of the people; the people's living
management task; administrative task
Ministry of Justice (1871-1948)
police officer; policeman; constable
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
reserves (esp. troops); reserve army; potential members of some group (e.g. the elderly); people at risk (e.g. of a medical condition); wannabees
taxpayers' (precious) money; hard-earned tax money; heavy tax; conscription; compulsory military service
to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze; to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice); to extort
jumping to a hasty conclusion
flashiness; showiness; brilliance; bloom; flowers
to drive away; to clear; to scatter; to disperse
Joseon Dynasty (of Korea; 1392-1910); Yi Dynasty
Daewongun (honorary title for the father of the king in Joseon-era Korea; esp. in ref. to Heungseon Daewongun, father of Emperor Gojong)
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
progress; being under way
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
Yangtze and Yellow rivers; large river
Kuroda Kiyotaka (1840.11.9-1900.8.25)
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
transport ship; troop ship
guard of honor; guard of honour
high (government) official
latest; newest; late-breaking (news)
Incheon (South Korea); Inchon
diplomatic mission; overseas diplomatic establishment