that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
university hospital; teaching hospital
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
assistance payment; subsidiary aid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
concealment; suppression; hiding
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
labor; labour; toil; trouble; pains; work
one's confidant; trusted friend; trusted retainer
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
intention; idea; inclination; wish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
indictment; prosecution; complaint
the other day; a few days ago