program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
present; gift; to give a present or gift
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
people; men and women; each person; everybody
man; male; masculine gender
pennant on a boat showing wind direction; weather vane; round roof tile (for gables); remiges; flight feathers
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
connection; link; relationship
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
than; from; out of; except; but; more
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle