indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Leo (constellation); the Lion
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
impostor; imposter; pretender; liar
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
genuine article; real thing; real deal
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!