pennant on a boat showing wind direction; weather vane; round roof tile (for gables); remiges; flight feathers
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
present; gift; to give a present or gift
grabbing hold; eagle grip; tight hold
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
hypothesis; supposition; assumption
in range; within the limits (of...); within (a) range
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to that extent; accordingly; that being the case; that state; that condition
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
stealing a march on; getting a head start; secretly acting before others; solo raid on an enemy's camp (for glory)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
next; following; subsequent; stage; station