from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
of course; certainly; naturally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you (plural); all of you; you all
duty; function; office; mission; task
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Chinese goods; imported goods; (arch.) secondhand goods; (arch.) old furniture
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
counter for waves (of a repeated occurrence)
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
the West; the Occident; Western countries