truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
I see; that's right; indeed
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
article to be delivered; present
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing