suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(place) near by; (place) close by; (place) right next to; as soon as; right after
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
udon; thick Japanese wheat noodles
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to disagree; to dispute; to fight (over)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
parallel world; parallel universe
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
five colors (esp. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
fatsi (Fatsia japonica); paperplant; Japanese aralia
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and