suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
assassin; candidate fielded by a political party to oust an incumbent of the same party
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to help (someone) out of trouble; to rescue; to save
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I got it; I see; I now know; so that's the reason
five colors (esp. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
failure; defeat; mistake; unconsciousness
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to catch; to capture; to grab; to clutch; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")