indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dictionary; lexicon; (arch.) letter of resignation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
not quite (right); not very good; somewhat (lacking)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
physical strength; muscle strength
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing