program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
present; gift; to give a present or gift
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
all present; all concerned; all of us
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)