indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
seventh day of the month; seven days
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's turn; one's shift; one's turn on stage; screen time; screentime
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
present; gift; to give a present or gift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
long, narrow strip of paper on which Japanese poems are written (vertically); tanzaku; thin rectangle
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
yeah, yeah; whatever; yes; sure; hello; giddy-up
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo