beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
technique; art; skill; move
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
unwillingly; grudgingly; shaking head in refusal (like a child); no!; no no!
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
modesty; humility; being humble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fruit of one's labor; result of one's efforts
woman's hairstyle (Edo period) (made popular by a Yoshiwara prostitute called Katsuyama)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
morning training (e.g. before school)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?