to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
noisy; loud; much talked of; much-discussed; strict; severe
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
some; few; somewhat; to a certain extent; (arch.) many; (arch.) a lot
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in that way; thus; so; so?
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
cotton; cotton pads (usu. in amenity set); cotton buds
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be frank with you; to tell you the truth; I'm going to lay my cards on the table
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)