indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
omniscience and omnipotence
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
Saber (Honda sedan); Sabre (jet fighter)
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
terrific; fierce; terrible; tremendous; dreadful; awful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to speak; to talk; to mediate; to act as a go-between; to put in a good word (for someone)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very