indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wise person; virtuous person; sage; unrefined sake
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
edge (of a knife or sword); prong (of an electrical plug)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
advantageous; favourable; better; profitable; lucrative; gainful
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)