indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chirp; twitter; warble; whale tongue
airplane; aeroplane; plane; aircraft
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
cry (of an animal); call; chirp; song; caw; roar
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for (small) things or pieces; counter for military units; (an) individual; one person; counter for years (of age difference); counter for school-years
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
morning; breakfast set (often a drink and toast); breakfast special; morning dress; morning coat
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
as (for); for; in the capacity of
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
around there; near there; or thereabouts; or so; such a matter; such a thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of