indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
father; dad; husband; you; he
adds force or indicates command
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
elimination; erasure; clearing; elimination (of variables)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
great swordsman; master fencer
discovery; detection; finding
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai