indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
time; hour; period; class
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to bewilder; to perplex; to puzzle; to tempt; to seduce
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of