indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
... years old; age (of) ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
demon; devil; -crazed person; -obsessed person; dreaded; terrible
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
ghost; ghosting (television); ghosting; ghost flare; ghost image; ghosting
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
time; hour; period; class
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
counter for (small) things or pieces; counter for military units; (an) individual; one person; counter for years (of age difference); counter for school-years
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
day of month; counter for days
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook